Una revisión actualizada sobre los factores de riesgo y características genéticas asociadas a la trombosis venosa profunda
Issue | Vol. 8 Núm. 3 (2024): Ciencia y Salud, septiembre-diciembre |
DOI | |
Publicado | oct 1, 2024 |
Estadísticas |
Estudiante de pregrado Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Colombia.
Resumen
Introducción:
La TVP es una de las patologías vasculares más comunes en el mundo, cuya aparición es una combinación de diferentes factores de riesgo tanto genéticos como no genéticos, por lo que se considera una enfermedad prevenible, sin embargo, en la actualidad la identificación de estos factores puede representar un desafío para el clínico, lo que lleva a que esta sea clasificada como no provocada o idiopática. Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión sobre los factores de riesgo, tanto genéticos como no genéticos que puedan orientar al clínico en la sospecha y prevención de la TVP.
Metodología:
Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed y Elsevier con el propósito de recopilar información actualizada sobre los factores de riesgo y características genéticas asociadas a la trombosis venosa profunda (TVP). Se emplearon los términos DeSC de trombosis de vena profunda, trombosis venosa y flebotrombosis juntos con sus equivalencias en MeSH, combinadas con los conectores booleanos AND y OR para refinar la búsqueda. Se revisaron un total de 80 artículos publicados entre 2018 y 2023, los cuales fueron evaluados inicialmente según unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión, seleccionando 50 para ser usados en esta revisión. Los criterios de inclusión comprendieron estudios que abordaran específicamente los factores de riesgo, tanto genéticos como no genéticos para el desarrollo de la TVP y sus generalidades. Se incluyeron estudios de investigación originales y en menor medida artículos de revisión. Los criterios de exclusión se centraron en estudios que no estuvieran disponibles en idioma español o inglés y estudios relacionados con población pediátrica. Se seleccionaron artículos de procedencia global que incluyeran población mayor de 18 años y que se adecuaran al período de publicación entre 2018 y 2023. Se optó por utilizar las bases de datos PubMed y Elsevier debido a su amplia cobertura en medicina y su gran aceptación en la comunidad científica.
Conclusión:
Se evidenció que son múltiples los factores de riesgo que predisponen para la aparición de la TVP, de los cuales, en la mayoría ellos la intervención médica puede impactar positivamente para el desarrollo de la enfermedad, incluyendo las alteraciones genéticas y sus implicaciones.
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Iding AFJ, Pallares Robles A, Ten Cate V, Ten Cate H, Wild PS, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ. Exploring phenotypes of deep vein thrombosis in relation to clinical outcomes beyond recurrence. J Thromb Haemost. 2023;21(5):1238-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.025
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Kano D, Hu C, Thornley CJ, Cruz CY, Soper NJ, Preston JF. Risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism in laparoscopic surgery in non-obese patients with benign disease. Surg Endosc. 2023;37(1):592-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09361-0
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Han L, Chen Y, Zheng A, Chen H. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with ovarian cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Cancer Res. 2023;13(5):2126-34.
Ambra N, Mohammad OH, Naushad VA, Purayil NK, Mohamedali MG, Elzouki AN, et al. Venous Thromboembolism Among Hospitalized Patients: Incidence and Adequacy of Thromboprophylaxis - A Retrospective Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2022;18:575-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S370344
McKerrow Johnson I, Shatzel J, Olson S, Kohl T, Hamilton A, DeLoughery TG. Travel-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. Wilderness Environ Med. 2022;33(2):169-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2022.02.004
Weze KO, Obisesan OH, Dardari ZA, Cainzos-Achirica M, Dzaye O, Graham G, et al. The Interplay of Race/Ethnicity and Obesity on the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism. Am J Prev Med. 2022;63(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.023
Simon MA, Klaeffling C, Ward J, Rauchfuss S, Miesbach W. Clinical Outcome of Deep Vein Thrombosis Is Related to Thrombophilic Risk Factors. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2023;29:10760296231152898. https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296231152898
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Khanna AK, Khanna D. Venous Thromboembolism and COVID-19-an Epidemiological Perspective. Indian J Surg. 2023;85(Suppl 1):133-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-022-03423-2
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Broderick C, Watson L, Armon MP. Thrombolytic strategies versus standard anticoagulation for acute deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;1(1):CD002783. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002783.pub5
Bhatt M, Braun C, Patel P, Patel P, Begum H, Wiercioch W, et al. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy. Blood Adv. 2020;4(7):1250-64. https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000960
Abdelmalik BHA, Leslom MMA, Gameraddin M, Alshammari QT, Hussien R, Alyami MH, et al. Assessment of Lower Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis: Characterization and Associated Risk Factors Using Triplex Doppler Imaging. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2023;19:279-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S409253
Martínez-Montalvo Carlos M., Mondragón-Cardona Álvaro, Maluche-Osorio Alejandro, Tovar-Medina Juan P., Salamanca-Muñoz Daniela F., Trujillo-Silva Gina C. et al. Experiencia en el uso de tromboprofilaxis farmacológica en un hospital colombiano de tercer nivel. Acta méd. Peru [Internet]. 2018;35(2):108-15.
Tan JS, Liu NN, Guo TT, Hu S, Hua L. Genetically predicted obesity and risk of deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res. 2021;207:16-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2021.08.026
Iding AFJ, Pallares Robles A, Ten Cate V, Ten Cate H, Wild PS, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ. Exploring phenotypes of deep vein thrombosis in relation to clinical outcomes beyond recurrence. J Thromb Haemost. 2023;21(5):1238-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.025
Panpikoon T, Chuntaroj S, Treesit T, Chansanti O, Bua-Ngam C. Lower-Extremity Venous Ultrasound in DVT-Unlikely Patients with Positive D-Dimer Test. Acad Radiol. 2022;29(7):1058-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2020.06.028
Hamamoto Y, Tokushige A, Toshinori Y, Ikeda Y, Horizoe Y, Yasuda H, et al. A new pre-test probability score for diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in patients before surgery. J Cardiol. 2022;79(5):664-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.11.025
Coelho J, Divernet-Queriaud M, Roy PM, Penaloza A, Le Gal G, Trinh-Duc A. Comparison of the Wells score and the revised Geneva score as a tool to predict pulmonary embolism in outpatients over age 65. Thromb Res. 2020;196:120-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.026
Rokosh RS, Ranganath N, Yau P, Rockman C, Sadek M, Berland T, et al. High Prevalence and Mortality Associated with Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients at a Tertiary Care Center. Ann Vasc Surg. 2020;65:55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2019.10.055
Zhang L, Liu X, Pang P, Luo Z, Cai W, Li W, et al. Incidence and Risk Factors of Admission Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Traumatic Fracture: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2023;29:10760296231167143. https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296231167143
Alturki N, Alkahtani M, Daghistani M, Alyafi T, Khairy S, Ashi M, et al. Incidence and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis among pediatric burn patients. Burns. 2019;45(3):560-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.09.032
Wang T, Guo J, Long Y, Yin Y, Hou Z. Risk factors for preoperative deep venous thrombosis in hip fracture patients: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Traumatol. 2022;23(1):19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10195-022-00639-6
Xia ZH, Chen WH, Wang Q. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Wound J. 2023;20(4):995-1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13949
Zambelli R, Nemeth B, Touw CE, Rosendaal FR, Rezende SM, Cannegieter SC. High risk of venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery in patients with thrombophilia. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(2):444-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.15163
Sakowitz S, Bakhtiyar SS, Verma A, Kronen E, Ali K, Chervu N, et al. Risk and factors associated with venous thromboembolism following abdominal transplantation. Surg Open Sci. 2023;13:18-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sopen.2023.03.006
Kano D, Hu C, Thornley CJ, Cruz CY, Soper NJ, Preston JF. Risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism in laparoscopic surgery in non-obese patients with benign disease. Surg Endosc. 2023;37(1):592-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09361-0
Boo S, Oh H, Hwang K, Jung K, Moon J. Venous Thromboembolism in a Single Korean Trauma Center: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Assessing the Validity of VTE Diagnostic Tools. Yonsei Med J. 2021;62(6):520-27. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.6.520
Wei B, Zhou H, Liu G, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Hao C, et al. Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Spinal Cord Med. 2023;46(2):181-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2021.1913561
Ikeda M, Uetake H, Yoshino T, Hata T, Oba MS, Takita A, Kimura T. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism, bleeding, and death in colorectal cancer (Cancer-VTE Registry). Cancer Sci. 2022;113(11):3901-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.15527
Zhang F, Liu L, Sha Y. Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Lung Cancer Before Surgery: A Case Control Study. Cancer Control. 2022;29:10732748221127826. https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748221127826
Yoshikawa T, Sano T, Terashima M, Yamaguchi K, Bando E, Kawabata R, et al. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in the Cancer-VTE Registry stomach cancer subcohort. Gastric Cancer. 2023;26(4):493-503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-023-01378-1
Han L, Chen Y, Zheng A, Chen H. Incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with ovarian cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Cancer Res. 2023;13(5):2126-34.
Ambra N, Mohammad OH, Naushad VA, Purayil NK, Mohamedali MG, Elzouki AN, et al. Venous Thromboembolism Among Hospitalized Patients: Incidence and Adequacy of Thromboprophylaxis - A Retrospective Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2022;18:575-87. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S370344
McKerrow Johnson I, Shatzel J, Olson S, Kohl T, Hamilton A, DeLoughery TG. Travel-Associated Venous Thromboembolism. Wilderness Environ Med. 2022;33(2):169-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2022.02.004
Weze KO, Obisesan OH, Dardari ZA, Cainzos-Achirica M, Dzaye O, Graham G, et al. The Interplay of Race/Ethnicity and Obesity on the Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism. Am J Prev Med. 2022;63(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.023
Simon MA, Klaeffling C, Ward J, Rauchfuss S, Miesbach W. Clinical Outcome of Deep Vein Thrombosis Is Related to Thrombophilic Risk Factors. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2023;29:10760296231152898. https://doi.org/10.1177/10760296231152898
Nan GY, Fei H, Zhen W, Yun DT. Risk factors associated with venous thromboembolism in tuberculosis: A case control study. Clin Respir J. 2022;16(12):835-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/crj.13555
Khanna AK, Khanna D. Venous Thromboembolism and COVID-19-an Epidemiological Perspective. Indian J Surg. 2023;85(Suppl 1):133-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12262-022-03423-2
ALGhasab NS, Altamimi LA, Alharbi MS, ALMesned SS, Khetan AK. Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19: A meta-summary of cases. Saudi Med J. 2022;43(9):979-90. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220316
Yuan S, Bruzelius M, Håkansson N, Åkesson A, Larsson SC. Lifestyle factors and venous thromboembolism in two cohort studies. Thromb Res. 2021;202:119-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2021.03.024
Rochlin DH, Morrison SD, Kuzon WM Jr. A Call for Consideration of Gender Identity in Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment. Ann Surg. 2021;274(2). https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004654
Faria C, Antunes H, Pontes T, Antunes A, Martins S, Carvalho S. Deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs in adolescents: a study in a tertiary hospital. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2019;33(2). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0137
Walker RF, Zakai NA, Mason SM, MacLehose RF, Norby FL, Evensen LH, et al. Autoimmune disease and risk of postpartum venous thromboembolism. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2023;7(2):100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100091
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Flebotrombosis
trombosis de vena profunda
trombosis venosa
factor de riesgo
tromboembolia venosa
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© Ciencia y Salud, 2024
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Sebastián García Ortega
Estudiante de pregrado Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Colombia.
Cómo citar
1.
García Ortega S. Una revisión actualizada sobre los factores de riesgo y características genéticas asociadas a la trombosis venosa profunda. cisa [Internet]. 1 de octubre de 2024 [citado 30 de diciembre de 2024];8(3):33-4. Disponible en: https://revistas.intec.edu.do/index.php/cisa/article/view/2873