Diabetes mellitus y su manejo en escenarios difíciles
Issue | Vol. 7 Núm. 2 (2023): Ciencia y Salud, abril-junio |
DOI | |
Publicado | jun 3, 2023 |
Estadísticas |
Resumen
Introducción: la diabetes mellitus se produce por la alteración en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos, su prevalencia viene en aumento debido al incremento en la tasa de obesidad y los cambios en los hábitos nutricionales. En Colombia, alrededor de 8,36 % de la población padece diabetes tipo 2 y menos del 1 % diabetes tipo 1.
Metodología: se seleccionaron 51 artículos sobre diabetes y diferentes escenarios clínicos, publicados en su mayoría entre los años 2015-2021.
Resultados: en los pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica, se aumenta la resistencia a la insulina e intolerancia a la glucosa; por esto, deben ser tratados en primera instancia con metformina o insulinas. En los diabéticos el riesgo cardiovascular se incrementa tanto para infarto como para accidente cerebrovascular. En estos, se puede realizar tratamiento con metformina, empagliflozina, entre otros. Los pacientes con falla renal tienen mayor riesgo de hipoglicemia por el metabolismo prolongado de la insulina como consecuencia de la filtración glomerular, en estos son útiles medicamentos como liraglutide y sus similares.
Conclusión: existen múltiples escenarios clínicos que se presentan en conjunto con la diabetes mellitus. Se deben tener en cuenta las múltiples comorbilidades de los pacientes al momento de instaurar un tratamiento y sus diferentes determinantes, para garantizar su efectividad.
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© Ciencia y Salud, 2023
Afiliaciones
Diana Cristina Varela
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Mabel Dahiana Roldán
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Santiago Castañeda Palacio
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
Lina María Martínez
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
José Luis Torres
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia