Ensambladores de prendas de vestir centroamericanos en la era de la desglobalización
Issue | Vol. 49 Núm. 1 (2024): Ciencia y Sociedad |
DOI | |
Publicado | mar 25, 2024 |
Estadísticas |
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico.
Resumen
Este es un artículo sobre el desempeño comparativo de las exportaciones del sector de confección de ropa en América Central y la cuenca del Caribe frente a los principales productores del Lejano Oriente para el mercado de los Estados Unidos. Aparte de un relato de tendencias históricas, la metodología empleada en el mismo es del tipo estadística descriptiva y resumida. Esta subdivisión hemisférica del trabajo que consiste en la especialización caribeña en el ensamblaje de prendas hechas con insumos de los Estados Unidos y otros países industrializados ha experimentado fluctuaciones a lo largo de las décadas desde su inicio. El último “capítulo” de esta industria ha sido el regreso al proteccionismo en Estados Unidos, iniciado por la Administración Trump. Se proporciona un resumen de la historia de la industria de exportación de prendas de vestir de la región frente a la evolución de los programas de acceso preferenciales al mercado de EE. UU., seguido de un examen del impacto de la competencia del Lejano Oriente en el contexto de una globalización más amplia de los mercados. El impacto de las políticas proteccionistas de EE. UU. en este comercio parece mínimo en lo que respecta al Caribe y América Central.
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Bair, J. y Gary, G. (2013). “Better Work in Central America: assessing the opportunities for upgrading in Nicaragua’s apparel sector”. Working Paper 17 Capturing the Gains.
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Mathews, D. T. (2020). Competing in the US Market: Central American Garment Assemblers. Social and Economic Studies, 69(3/4), 155-175.
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Sklair, L. (1989). Assembling for Development: The Maquila Industry in Mexico and the United States. Boston: Unwin & Hyman.
Tirado de Alonso, I. (de.) (1992). Trade Issues in the Caribbean. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
Twin Plant News (1999). Vol. 15, No. 5.
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means (1987). Report on the committee delegation mission to the Caribbean basin and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Caribbean Basin Initiative. WMCP:100-109 Washington DC: USGPO, May 6, 1987.
United States International Trade Commission (1988). Imports Under Items 806.30 and 807.00 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, 1984 – 1987, Publication 2144, Washington D.C.: USITC.
United States International Trade Commission (1995). Production Sharing: Use of U.S. Components and Materials in Foreign Assembly Operations, 1990 – 1993, Publication 2886, Washington D.C.: USITC.
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Yager, L. (2010). Exporters’ Use of the Earned Import Allowance Program for Haiti Is Negligible because They Favor Other Trade Provisions. Washington D.C.: GAO-10-654.
Zhu, S. y Fu, S. (2013). Drivers of Upgrading. World Development, 51, 221-233.
Bair, J. y Gary, G. (2013). “Better Work in Central America: assessing the opportunities for upgrading in Nicaragua’s apparel sector”. Working Paper 17 Capturing the Gains.
Buitelaar, R. M., Padilla, R. y Urrutia, R. (1999). Centroamérica, México y República Dominicana: Maquila y Transformación Productiva. Santiago de Chile: Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe.
Castano Freeman, I. (2016). El Salvador to launch 15-year apparel growth strategy. Just Style. http://www.just-style.com/analysis/el-salvador-to-launch-15-year-apparel-growth-strategy_id128704.aspx. Consultado el 27 de marzo, 2017.
Dussel Peters, E. (coord.) (2013). “America y el Caribe – China Economia Comercio e Inversiones”. Ciudad de México: Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe.
Evans-Pritchard, A. (2023). Vietnam and the Limits of Communist Friend-Shoring. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/12/15/vietnam-limits-communist-friend-shoring-near-shoring-china/. Consultado 20 diciembre, 2023.
Frederick, S., Bair, J. y Gereffi, G. (2015). Regional Trade Agreements and Export Competitiveness: The Uncertain Path of Nicaragua’s Apparel Exports Under CAFTA. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy, and Society, 8, 403-420.
Gereffi, G. (2019). Economic upgrading in global value chains. En S. Ponte, G. Gereffi, y G. Raj-Reichert (Eds.), Handbook on Global Value Chains, 240-254. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishers.
Gereffi, G., Lim, H. Ch. y Lee, J. (2021) Trade policies, firm strategies, and adaptive reconfigurations of global value chains. Journal of International Business Policy 4, 506-522.
Goodman, P. S. (2023). ’OK, Mexico, Save Me’: After China, This is Where Globalization May Lead. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/01/business/mexico-china-us-trade.html. Consultado 11 enero, 2023.
Gruben, W. C. (2007). Textiles and Apparel: Boom and Bust. Twin Plant News, 22, 7-33.
Grunwald, J. y Flamm, K. (1985). The Global Factory: Foreign Assembly in International Trade. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution.
Hornbeck, J. F. (2012). The Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA DR): Developments in Trade and Investment. Washington D.C.: Congressional Research Service Report for Congress.
Hughes, B. (2022). US tariffs hurt Central America not China — but there is a solution. Just Style. https://www.just-style.com/comment/us-tariffs-hurt-central-america-not-china-but-there-is-a-solution/. Consultado 11 enero, 2023.
IDB – INTAL, Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (2007). Central American Report No. 3, Buenos Aires: IDB – INTAL.
Irwin, D. A. (2017). The False Promise of Protectionism: Why Trump’s Trade Policy Could Backfire. Foreign Policy, 96(3), 45-50, 51-56.
Kaplinsky, R. (1993). Export Processing Zones in the Dominican Republic: Transforming Manufactures into Commodities. World Development, 21(1), 1851-1865.
Kaplinsky, R. y Readman, J. (2005). Globalization and Upgrading: What Can (and Cannot) be learnt from International Trade Statistics in the Wood Furniture Sector. Industrial and Corporate Change, 14(4), 679-703.
Kimberly Glas, P. F. (2023). Why Central America Makes Sense—Even in a Down Market. Sourcing Journal. https://sourcingjournal.com/topics/thought-leadership/central-america-sourcing-cafta-dr-yarn-forward-ncto-nearshoring-friendshoring-449503/. Consultado 31 de diciembre, 2023.
Lighthizer, R. E. (2020). The era of offshoring U.S. jobs is over. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/opinion/coronavirus-jobs-offshoring.html. Consultado 31 diciembre, 2023.
López-Acevedo, G. y Robertson, R. (eds.) (2012). Sewing Success? Employment, Wages, and Poverty following the End of the Multi-fibre Arrangement. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.
Mathews, D. T. (2008). La industria caribeña de la aguja y la competencia de China. Revista OIKOS, 12(26), 9-23.
Mathews, D. T. (2020). Competing in the US Market: Central American Garment Assemblers. Social and Economic Studies, 69(3/4), 155-175.
OECD (2013). Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pantojas Garcia, E. (1990). The Government of Puerto Rico's Caribbean Development Program: Comments on the Report to the Ways and Means Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives. Caribbean Studies, 23(1/2), 49-60.
Schoepfle, G. K., y Pérez-López, J. F. (1992). Assembly operations in Central America. En Tirado de Alonso, I. (Ed.), Trade Issues in the Caribbean, Westport, Conn.: Praeger.
Sklair, L. (1989). Assembling for Development: The Maquila Industry in Mexico and the United States. Boston: Unwin & Hyman.
Tirado de Alonso, I. (de.) (1992). Trade Issues in the Caribbean. Philadelphia: Gordon and Breach.
Twin Plant News (1999). Vol. 15, No. 5.
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means (1987). Report on the committee delegation mission to the Caribbean basin and recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the Caribbean Basin Initiative. WMCP:100-109 Washington DC: USGPO, May 6, 1987.
United States International Trade Commission (1988). Imports Under Items 806.30 and 807.00 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, 1984 – 1987, Publication 2144, Washington D.C.: USITC.
United States International Trade Commission (1995). Production Sharing: Use of U.S. Components and Materials in Foreign Assembly Operations, 1990 – 1993, Publication 2886, Washington D.C.: USITC.
United States International Trade Commission (2003). The Impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act 16th Report 2001-2002, Publication 3636, Washington D.C.: USITC.
World Bank (2020). World Development Report: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
World Trade Online (2022). Analysts differ over whether Nicaragua could, should be removed from CAFTA-DR. https://insidetrade.com/daily-news/analysts-differ-over-whether-nicaragua-could-should-be-removed-cafta-dr. Consultado 11 de Enero, 2023.
Yager, L. (2010). Exporters’ Use of the Earned Import Allowance Program for Haiti Is Negligible because They Favor Other Trade Provisions. Washington D.C.: GAO-10-654.
Zhu, S. y Fu, S. (2013). Drivers of Upgrading. World Development, 51, 221-233.
desarrollo económico
globalización
comercio internacional
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© Ciencia y Sociedad, 2024
Afiliaciones
Dale T. Mathews
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico.
Cómo citar
Mathews, D. T. (2024). Ensambladores de prendas de vestir centroamericanos en la era de la desglobalización. Ciencia Y Sociedad, 49(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.22206/ciso.2024.v49i1.2926