Mujer, medio ambiente y sociedad
Issue | Vol. 13 Núm. 1 (1988): Ciencia y Sociedad |
DOI | |
Publicado | mar 1, 1988 |
Estadísticas |
Resumen
Este texto analiza la situación específica de la mujer, la cual ha variado a través de la historia. No ha sido la misma en todos los regímenes socioecónomicos y políticos que han existido hasta el día de hoy. La mujer ha cambiado de estatus desde la horda de cazadores y de recolectores hasta las sociedades occidentales y socialistas contemporáneas.
Barron, R. and G. Norris. 1976. Sexual Divisions and the dual labour market. In: Dependence and explotation in work and marriage, ed. D. Barker and S. Alien, Longham, London.
Blum, B. 1977. Women and the environment... Women as agents of change. Office of Public Awareness (A-107), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
Blumberg, R, 1978. Stratificatión: socioeconomic and sexual inequality. W. C. Brown C., Publishers, Dubuque, lowa.
Boas, F. 1888. The Central Eskimo. Bureau of American Ethnology, Sixth Annual Report. Washington.
Boserup, E. 1970. Women’s role in economic development. George Allen and Unwin, London, 203 pp.
Boserup, E. and C. Liljencrantz. 1975. Integration of women in development: why, when, how. UN Development Programme, New York. 42 pp.
Bouldinq, E. 1975. Women and foods systems: an alternative approach to the world food crisis. Prepared at the University of Colorado, Boulder. 42 pp.
Brooks, P. 1980. Speaking for nature: how literary naturalista from Henry Theoreau to Rachel Carson have shaped America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Caldecott, L. and S. Leland (eds.). 1983. Reclaim the earth: women speak out for life on earth. London. 245 pp.
Center for Science and Environment (CSE). 1982. The state of India's environment. - 1982: a citizen's report. CSE, New Delhi. 189 pp.
Chodornw, N. 1974. Family structure and feminine personality. In Women, culture and society, eds. M, Rusaldo and L. Lamphere. Stanford Univesity Press, Stanford, CA.
Collins, S. 1974. A different heaven and earth. Judson Press, Valley Forge. p. 161.
Cooke, G. circa 1800. Universal Geography.
Croll, E. 1981. Women in rural production and reproduction in the Soviet Union, China, Cuba and Tanzania: case studies. Sigas 7(2): 357-399.
Dalla Costa, M. and S. James. 1972. The power of women and the subversion of the community. Falling Well Press, Bristol.
Daly, M. 1978. Gynecology: the meta ethics of radical feminism. Beacon Press, Boston.
Davies, H. 1943. The earth and man, a human geography. Mac-Millan, New York. pp. 365.
Dinnerstein, D. 1976. Thn mermaid and the minotaur. Harper and Row, New York.
Dobkin de Rios, M. 1976. Female odors and the origin of the sexual división of labor in Homo sapiens. Human Ecoloy 4(3): 261-262.
Du Bois, C. 1944. The people of Alor. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Firestone, S. 1971. The dialectic of sex: the case for feminist revolution. Jonathan Cape, London.
Friedl, E. 1975. Women and men: an anthropologist's view. Holt, Rinehart and Winsten, NY.
Gardiner, J., S. Himmelweit and M. Mackintosh. 1975. Women's domestic labour. Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists, June 1975.
Goodale, J. 1971. Tiwi wives: a study of the women of Melville Island, North Australia. University of Washington Press, Seattle. American Etnological Society. Monograph 51.
Griffin, S. 1978. Women and nature: the roaring inside her. Harper and Row, New York.
Griscom, J. 1981. On healing the nature/history split in feminist thought. Heresies 4(1) - 13: 4-9.
Hammond, D. and A. Jablow. 1976. Women in cultures of the world. Cummings Pub. Co., Menlo Park, CA. 158 pp.
Heresies. 1981. Editorial statement. Heresies 4(1)-13.
Hiatt, R. 1970. Woman the gatherer. In: Woman's role in aboriginal society, Australian Aboriginal Studies No. 36. Australia Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
Hogan, L. 1981. Native American women: our voice, the air. Frontiers 6(3): 1-4.
Huth, H. 1973. Nature and the American. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Hyot, J. 1962. Man and the earth. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Ctiffs.
Jain, D. 1978. Can feminism be a global ideology? Quest 4(2): 9-15.
Jordan, T. and L. Rowntree. 1979. The human mosaic: a thematic introduction to cultural geography, 2nd edition. Harper and Row, New York. pp. 91-92.
Klein, C. 1980. Mother, worker, ruler, witch; cross-cultural images of women. UCLA Museum of Cultural History Pamphlet Series I:9 32 pp.
La Duke, W. 1985. Words from the indigenous women's network meeting. Akwesasne Notes 17(6): 8-9.
Lambert, H. 1978. Biology and equality: a perspective on sex differences. Signs 4(1): 97-117.
Land, H. 1976. Women: supporters or supported. In: Dependence and explotation in work and marriage, eds. D. Barker and S. Allen. Longham, London.
Leacock, E. 1981. History, development and the division of labour by sex: implications for organization. Signs 7 (2): 474-491.
Leacock, E. and J. Nash. 1977. Ideologies of sex, archetypes and stereotypes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 285: 618-645.
Lee, R. and I. de Vore. 1968. Man, the hunter. Aldine, Chicago, pp. 33.
Leith-Ross, S. 1939. African women: a study of the Ibo of Nigeria. Faber and Faber, London.
Leiss, W. 1972. The domination of nature. Braziller, New York.
Leland, S. 1983. Feminism and ecology: theoretical connections. In: Reclaim the earth: women speak out for life on earth, eds. L. Caldecott and S. Leland. The Women's Press, London. pp. 67-72.
Mac Cormack, C. 1980. Nature, culture and gender: a critique. In: Nature, culture and gender, eds. C. MacCormack and M. Strathern. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-24.
Manushi Collective. 1981. Drought: qod-sent. or man-made disaster? Women the worst victims. Heresies 4(1)-13:56-58.
Marburg, S. 1984. Women and environment: subsistence paradigms 1850-1950. Environmental Review 8(1): 7-22.
Martin, M. and B. Voorhies. 1975. Female of the species. Methuen, Toronto.
Mathieu, N. 1978. Man-culture and woman-nature? Women's Studies International Quarterly 1: 55-65.
Merchant, C. 1980. The death of nature: women, ecology, and the scientific revolution.
Harper and Row, San Francisco.
Merchant, C. 1981. Earthcare. Environment 23(25): 6-13, 38-40.
Merchant, C. 1984. Women of the Progressive conservation movement: 1990-1916. Environmental Review 8(1): 57-85.
Nash, R. 1967. Wilderness and the American mind. Vale University Press, New Haven.
Nelson, L. 1985. Toxic, reproductive health and child development: examining the connections, resisting the hazards. Indian Time August 28, 1985. 3(23):2, 5. Mohawk Nation, via Rooseveltwars, NY.
Norwood, V. 1984. Heroines of nature: four women respond to the American landscape. Environmental Review 8(1): 34-56.
Olguin, R. 1981. Listening to native American women. Heresies 4(1)-13: 17-19.
Ortner, S. 1974. Is female to male as nature is to culture? In: Woman, culture and society, eds. M. Rosaldo, and L. Lamphere. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. pp. 67-87.
Oshana, M. 1981. Native American women in Western's: reality and myth. Frontiers 6(3): 46-50.
Palmer, I. 1975. Africa's food producers: the impact of change on rural women, Women's Program Unit of the Human Resources Development División, UNECA, Addis Ababa. Focus 25(5): 1-8.
Reid, E. 1978. Women, economic development and the UN. Quest 4(2): 55-70.
Reiter, R. (ed.). 1975. Toward an anthropology of women. Monthly Review, NY.
Romanoff, S. 1983. Women as hunters among the Matses of the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology 11(3): 339-343.
Ruether, R. 1973. Women's liberation, ecology and social revolution, Win 9: 4-7.
Ruether, R. 1979. Mother earth and the megamachine. In: Womenspirit rising: a feminist reader in religion, eds. C. Christ. and J. Plaskow. Harper and Row, San Francisco, pp. 43-52.
Sanday, P. 1973. Toward a theory of the status of woman. American Anthropolngist 75: 1682-1700.
Smith, J. 1939. Men and resources. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York. pp. 594.
Stage, S. 1983. Women. American Quarterly 35: 169-190.
Terrance, C. 1985. Update-GM dumpsite clean up study. Indian Time December 11, 1985. 3(31):1. Mohawk Nation, via Rosseveltown, NY.
Tilly, L. 1981. Paths of proletarianizations: organization of production, sexual division of labour and women's collective action. Signs 7(2): 400-417.
Tinker, I. 1976. The adverse impacts of development on women. In: Women and world development, eds. I. Tinker and M. Bo Bramsen. Overseas Developement Council, Washington D.C. pp. 22-54.
Turnbull, C. 1962. The forest people. Doubleday, Garden City, New York.
Wilson, W. 1975. Sociobiology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Zborowski, M. and E. Herzog. 1952. Life is with people. International Universities Press, New York.
Blum, B. 1977. Women and the environment... Women as agents of change. Office of Public Awareness (A-107), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.
Blumberg, R, 1978. Stratificatión: socioeconomic and sexual inequality. W. C. Brown C., Publishers, Dubuque, lowa.
Boas, F. 1888. The Central Eskimo. Bureau of American Ethnology, Sixth Annual Report. Washington.
Boserup, E. 1970. Women’s role in economic development. George Allen and Unwin, London, 203 pp.
Boserup, E. and C. Liljencrantz. 1975. Integration of women in development: why, when, how. UN Development Programme, New York. 42 pp.
Bouldinq, E. 1975. Women and foods systems: an alternative approach to the world food crisis. Prepared at the University of Colorado, Boulder. 42 pp.
Brooks, P. 1980. Speaking for nature: how literary naturalista from Henry Theoreau to Rachel Carson have shaped America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Caldecott, L. and S. Leland (eds.). 1983. Reclaim the earth: women speak out for life on earth. London. 245 pp.
Center for Science and Environment (CSE). 1982. The state of India's environment. - 1982: a citizen's report. CSE, New Delhi. 189 pp.
Chodornw, N. 1974. Family structure and feminine personality. In Women, culture and society, eds. M, Rusaldo and L. Lamphere. Stanford Univesity Press, Stanford, CA.
Collins, S. 1974. A different heaven and earth. Judson Press, Valley Forge. p. 161.
Cooke, G. circa 1800. Universal Geography.
Croll, E. 1981. Women in rural production and reproduction in the Soviet Union, China, Cuba and Tanzania: case studies. Sigas 7(2): 357-399.
Dalla Costa, M. and S. James. 1972. The power of women and the subversion of the community. Falling Well Press, Bristol.
Daly, M. 1978. Gynecology: the meta ethics of radical feminism. Beacon Press, Boston.
Davies, H. 1943. The earth and man, a human geography. Mac-Millan, New York. pp. 365.
Dinnerstein, D. 1976. Thn mermaid and the minotaur. Harper and Row, New York.
Dobkin de Rios, M. 1976. Female odors and the origin of the sexual división of labor in Homo sapiens. Human Ecoloy 4(3): 261-262.
Du Bois, C. 1944. The people of Alor. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
Firestone, S. 1971. The dialectic of sex: the case for feminist revolution. Jonathan Cape, London.
Friedl, E. 1975. Women and men: an anthropologist's view. Holt, Rinehart and Winsten, NY.
Gardiner, J., S. Himmelweit and M. Mackintosh. 1975. Women's domestic labour. Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists, June 1975.
Goodale, J. 1971. Tiwi wives: a study of the women of Melville Island, North Australia. University of Washington Press, Seattle. American Etnological Society. Monograph 51.
Griffin, S. 1978. Women and nature: the roaring inside her. Harper and Row, New York.
Griscom, J. 1981. On healing the nature/history split in feminist thought. Heresies 4(1) - 13: 4-9.
Hammond, D. and A. Jablow. 1976. Women in cultures of the world. Cummings Pub. Co., Menlo Park, CA. 158 pp.
Heresies. 1981. Editorial statement. Heresies 4(1)-13.
Hiatt, R. 1970. Woman the gatherer. In: Woman's role in aboriginal society, Australian Aboriginal Studies No. 36. Australia Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra.
Hogan, L. 1981. Native American women: our voice, the air. Frontiers 6(3): 1-4.
Huth, H. 1973. Nature and the American. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Hyot, J. 1962. Man and the earth. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Ctiffs.
Jain, D. 1978. Can feminism be a global ideology? Quest 4(2): 9-15.
Jordan, T. and L. Rowntree. 1979. The human mosaic: a thematic introduction to cultural geography, 2nd edition. Harper and Row, New York. pp. 91-92.
Klein, C. 1980. Mother, worker, ruler, witch; cross-cultural images of women. UCLA Museum of Cultural History Pamphlet Series I:9 32 pp.
La Duke, W. 1985. Words from the indigenous women's network meeting. Akwesasne Notes 17(6): 8-9.
Lambert, H. 1978. Biology and equality: a perspective on sex differences. Signs 4(1): 97-117.
Land, H. 1976. Women: supporters or supported. In: Dependence and explotation in work and marriage, eds. D. Barker and S. Allen. Longham, London.
Leacock, E. 1981. History, development and the division of labour by sex: implications for organization. Signs 7 (2): 474-491.
Leacock, E. and J. Nash. 1977. Ideologies of sex, archetypes and stereotypes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 285: 618-645.
Lee, R. and I. de Vore. 1968. Man, the hunter. Aldine, Chicago, pp. 33.
Leith-Ross, S. 1939. African women: a study of the Ibo of Nigeria. Faber and Faber, London.
Leiss, W. 1972. The domination of nature. Braziller, New York.
Leland, S. 1983. Feminism and ecology: theoretical connections. In: Reclaim the earth: women speak out for life on earth, eds. L. Caldecott and S. Leland. The Women's Press, London. pp. 67-72.
Mac Cormack, C. 1980. Nature, culture and gender: a critique. In: Nature, culture and gender, eds. C. MacCormack and M. Strathern. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1-24.
Manushi Collective. 1981. Drought: qod-sent. or man-made disaster? Women the worst victims. Heresies 4(1)-13:56-58.
Marburg, S. 1984. Women and environment: subsistence paradigms 1850-1950. Environmental Review 8(1): 7-22.
Martin, M. and B. Voorhies. 1975. Female of the species. Methuen, Toronto.
Mathieu, N. 1978. Man-culture and woman-nature? Women's Studies International Quarterly 1: 55-65.
Merchant, C. 1980. The death of nature: women, ecology, and the scientific revolution.
Harper and Row, San Francisco.
Merchant, C. 1981. Earthcare. Environment 23(25): 6-13, 38-40.
Merchant, C. 1984. Women of the Progressive conservation movement: 1990-1916. Environmental Review 8(1): 57-85.
Nash, R. 1967. Wilderness and the American mind. Vale University Press, New Haven.
Nelson, L. 1985. Toxic, reproductive health and child development: examining the connections, resisting the hazards. Indian Time August 28, 1985. 3(23):2, 5. Mohawk Nation, via Rooseveltwars, NY.
Norwood, V. 1984. Heroines of nature: four women respond to the American landscape. Environmental Review 8(1): 34-56.
Olguin, R. 1981. Listening to native American women. Heresies 4(1)-13: 17-19.
Ortner, S. 1974. Is female to male as nature is to culture? In: Woman, culture and society, eds. M. Rosaldo, and L. Lamphere. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA. pp. 67-87.
Oshana, M. 1981. Native American women in Western's: reality and myth. Frontiers 6(3): 46-50.
Palmer, I. 1975. Africa's food producers: the impact of change on rural women, Women's Program Unit of the Human Resources Development División, UNECA, Addis Ababa. Focus 25(5): 1-8.
Reid, E. 1978. Women, economic development and the UN. Quest 4(2): 55-70.
Reiter, R. (ed.). 1975. Toward an anthropology of women. Monthly Review, NY.
Romanoff, S. 1983. Women as hunters among the Matses of the Peruvian Amazon. Human Ecology 11(3): 339-343.
Ruether, R. 1973. Women's liberation, ecology and social revolution, Win 9: 4-7.
Ruether, R. 1979. Mother earth and the megamachine. In: Womenspirit rising: a feminist reader in religion, eds. C. Christ. and J. Plaskow. Harper and Row, San Francisco, pp. 43-52.
Sanday, P. 1973. Toward a theory of the status of woman. American Anthropolngist 75: 1682-1700.
Smith, J. 1939. Men and resources. Harcourt, Brace and Co., New York. pp. 594.
Stage, S. 1983. Women. American Quarterly 35: 169-190.
Terrance, C. 1985. Update-GM dumpsite clean up study. Indian Time December 11, 1985. 3(31):1. Mohawk Nation, via Rosseveltown, NY.
Tilly, L. 1981. Paths of proletarianizations: organization of production, sexual division of labour and women's collective action. Signs 7(2): 400-417.
Tinker, I. 1976. The adverse impacts of development on women. In: Women and world development, eds. I. Tinker and M. Bo Bramsen. Overseas Developement Council, Washington D.C. pp. 22-54.
Turnbull, C. 1962. The forest people. Doubleday, Garden City, New York.
Wilson, W. 1975. Sociobiology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Zborowski, M. and E. Herzog. 1952. Life is with people. International Universities Press, New York.
feminismo
mujeres condiciones sociales.
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Adalgisa Arias
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)