Estrategias de Afrontamiento: efectos en el bienestar psicológico de universitarios durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Issue | Vol. 46 Núm. 4 (2021): Ciencia y Sociedad |
DOI | |
Publicado | dic 17, 2021 |
Estadísticas |
Resumen
Este estudio exploró la influencia de las estrategias de afrontamiento en el bienestar psicológico de estudiantes universitarios dominicanos durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Participaron 135 estudiantes de una universidad privada, entre 18 y 25 años, completando una encuesta virtual con la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBP) y la escala de Orientación hacia el Afrontamiento de Problemas Experimentados (COPE-48). Seis regresiones múltiples con selección forward crearon modelos de predicción de cada dimensión del bienestar psicológico con las estrategias de afrontamiento como variables independientes. Los modelos explicaron del 23 % al 40 % de la varianza del bienestar psicológico. Un análisis factorial clasificó las estrategias de afrontamiento en: (1) positivas, ejerciendo una influencia positiva en el bienestar; y (2) negativas, ejerciendo una influencia negativa en el bienestar. Las estrategias positivas significativas fueron: (1) aceptación y crecimiento personal, y (2) búsqueda de apoyo social. Las estrategias negativas significativas fueron: (1) consumo de alcohol o drogas, (2) centrarse en las emociones y desahogarse, (3) negación, y (4) refrenar el afrontamiento. Las medidas de distanciamiento y la desconfianza en autoridades de salud durante la pandemia dificultan usar estrategias de afrontamiento positivas, favoreciendo el uso de estrategias negativas. Esto aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar sintomatologías clínicamente relevantes.
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Afiliaciones
Iris Bello-Castillo
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Anny Lisbeth Martínez Camilo
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Paulette Marie Peterson Elías
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
Laura V. Sánchez-Vincitore
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana