Contaminación de aguas por elementos metálicos traza y empleo de carbón activado para su remoción
| Issue | Vol. 6 Núm. 1 (2023): Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima |
| DOI | |
| Publicado | jun 29, 2023 |
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Estadísticas |
Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana (InSTEC/UH), La Habana, Cuba
Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana (InSTEC/UH), La Habana, Cuba
Resumen
La contaminación de las aguas es uno de los principales problemas ambientales que la comunidad científica internacional enfrenta actualmente, debido al vertiginoso aumento del vertimiento deslocalizado de compuestos orgánicos persistentes y elementos metálicos traza, cuya presencia tiene un elevado impacto en la salud humana y los ecosistemas. En el presente trabajo se realizó un análisis bibliográfico sobre la contaminación de aguas superficiales por elementos metálicos traza y sus principales fuentes de contaminación, dentro de las cuales la actividad minera e industrial son las principales fuentes antrópicas que contribuyen con el aumento de dichos contaminantes. Se exponen algunas de las sintomatologías derivadas del envenenamiento por elementos metálicos traza como el arsénico, plomo, mercurio y cromo en humanos. También se investigó sobre las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos convencionales (precipitación química, floculación/coagulación, intercambio iónico, membranas) y no convencionales (adsorción, fitorremediación, pilas de combustión microbianas y el uso de nanotecnologías) empleados en el tratamiento de las aguas contaminadas por elementos metálicos traza. La metodología más empleada para la eliminación de los elementos metálicos traza es la adsorción y el adsorbente más utilizado es el carbón activado (CA). En este trabajo se abunda sobre la relación entre los parámetros externos (pH, temperatura y fuerza iónica) e internos (área superficial, tamaño de poros y la presencia de heteroátomos) en el proceso de adsorción empleando el CA y de las fuentes de materia prima para la obtención de estos.
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elementos metálicos traza
contaminación
toxicidad
adsorción
carbón activado
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© Ciencia, Ambiente y Clima, 2023
Afiliaciones
Ibrahim García
Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana (InSTEC/UH), La Habana, Cuba
Michel Manduca Artiles
Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de La Habana (InSTEC/UH), La Habana, Cuba
Ulises Javier Jáuregui-Haza
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC), República Dominicana
Cómo citar
García, I., Manduca Artiles, M., & Jáuregui-Haza, U. J. (2023). Contaminación de aguas por elementos metálicos traza y empleo de carbón activado para su remoción. Ciencia, Ambiente Y Clima, 6(1), 9–44. https://doi.org/10.22206/cac.2023.v6i1.pp9-44